Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Our Child of Poverty Essay -- Poverty Essays

Our Child of Poverty From the essayist: This paper was enlivened by my work on The Community Child Project and the book Stunning Grace by Jonathan Kozol. The venture was a youngsters' proficiency activity that included conversations which highlighted destitution just like an obstacle in kids' instructive achievement. I at that point started to consider impression of neediness held without anyone else an others. I have here endeavored to catch those perspectives and recognize why I consider them to be hazardous. From the instructor: Sarah discovered her undertaking for this course (Writing With Theory) in her work in a help adapting course she was taking with Rosaria Champagne in ETS. As Sarah composed, she thought the contrasts between her own life and the lives of the little youngsters she was helping were incredibly huge. As she investigated her own advantages and the discussions she was having with other SU understudies, she came to believe that the distinctions were substantially more unobtrusive. Her method of depicting the distinctions, at that point, came in her utilization of analogy and juxtaposition. Sarah was the understudy in this course who was the most devoted to the composition - process just as item. From the editors: This piece tends to the ruined conditions looked by urban families in America, going up against the issues that huge numbers of us excuse. Smith incorporates the novel Push, by Sapphire, with accounts of her adolescence and reflections upon her encounters with kids as a developing grown-up. Through utilization of social hypothesis, printed investigation and artistic account, this paper shows the writer's creating perception about the difficulties suffered by the oppressed and requires the peruser to catch these goals. As Veronica's sisters drove home in their dark Lex... ... the negative impacts of our practices on others. This is evident in classism with what I'll call the us-not-them marvel. At the point when we can isolate ourselves from the other, all the more explicitly the other living in destitution, there is no craving to cure the circumstance. At the point when we disregard to cultivate a feeling of network among them and us there is no bond, no relationship. When there is no network it is anything but difficult to isolate our activities from others. It is difficult to understand the repercussions of classism from inside a culture that comes up short on any durable network. We here and there inquire as to why those living in the city and in destitution never really help themselves? How about we attempt to envision what the truth of their reality is. Attempt to perceive what they see. Veronica reminds me as she gives me a ride in her new Pathfinder, Nobody would have every one of those elements thrashing them. Our Child of Poverty Essay - Poverty Essays Our Child of Poverty From the essayist: This paper was motivated by my work on The Community Child Project and the book Astonishing Grace by Jonathan Kozol. The undertaking was a kids' proficiency activity that included conversations which highlighted neediness just like a hindrance in youngsters' instructive achievement. I at that point started to consider impression of neediness held without anyone else an others. I have here endeavored to catch those perspectives and distinguish why I consider them to be risky. From the instructor: Sarah discovered her task for this course (Writing With Theory) in her work in a help adapting course she was taking with Rosaria Champagne in ETS. As Sarah composed, she thought the contrasts between her own life and the lives of the little youngsters she was helping were very enormous. As she investigated her own advantages and the discussions she was having with other SU understudies, she came to imagine that the distinctions were significantly more inconspicuous. Her method of depicting the distinctions, at that point, came in her utilization of analogy and juxtaposition. Sarah was the understudy in this course who was the most committed to the composition - process just as item. From the editors: This piece tends to the devastated conditions looked by urban families in America, defying the issues that huge numbers of us excuse. Smith incorporates the novel Push, by Sapphire, with accounts of her adolescence and reflections upon her encounters with youngsters as a developing grown-up. Through use of social hypothesis, printed examination and abstract story, this paper shows the writer's creating cognizance about the difficulties suffered by the oppressed and requires the peruser to catch these standards. As Veronica's sisters drove home in their dark Lex... ... the negative impacts of our practices on others. This is obvious in classism with what I'll call the us-not-them marvel. At the point when we can isolate ourselves from the other, all the more explicitly the other living in destitution, there is no longing to cure the circumstance. At the point when we disregard to cultivate a feeling of network among them and us there is no bond, no relationship. When there is no network it is anything but difficult to isolate our activities from others. It is difficult to understand the repercussions of classism from inside a culture that comes up short on any strong network. We now and again inquire as to why those living in the city and in destitution never really help themselves? How about we attempt to envision what the truth of their reality is. Attempt to perceive what they see. Veronica reminds me as she gives me a ride in her new Pathfinder, Nobody would have every one of those variables thrashing them.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Realism, the Portray of Women Mistreatment

Authenticity, the Portray of Women Mistreatment In the nineteenth century another pattern of composing showed up in the American writing called, authenticity and it is characterized as the â€Å"faithful portrayal of the real world'. Authors endeavor to record life as it â€Å"without sentimental admiration or dramatization† and â€Å"character is a higher priority than activity and plot†. Two short stories are illustrative of authenticity â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and â€Å"The Story of An Hour. † In these accounts Charlotte Gilman and Kate Chopin portray ladies who are being ruled by a masculine society nd who don't see ladies more than an essentially life partners or mothers.However, they are dependable devotees that ladies in all actuality are creatures that ought to be permitted to communicate on the grounds that they are sufficiently able to represent themselves; and ought not be subordinate in any marriage. In like manner, in these two stories th e authenticity depicts the abuse of ladies in their marriage, which unmistakably can be seen create in the plot, portrayal, setting, and subject of the accounts. Crafted by authenticity are available in the plot of the two stories. All through the account of â€Å"The YellowWallpaper† her better half John treats the hero with a great deal of power and request. â€Å"John says on the off chance that I don't get quicker he will send me to Weir Mitchell in the fall†¦ But John says the exceptionally most noticeably awful thing I can do is to consider my condition, and I admit it generally causes me to feel awful. (Gilman, 86-90. ). What's more, this staggering treatment conveyed the poor lady to a profound craziness, causing her to daydream about the paper plan of her room. â€Å"It is the most bizarre yellow, that divider paper!It makes me think about all the yellow things I ever saw†not wonderful ones like buttercups, however old oul, terrible yellow things†¦ Through observing such a great amount around evening time, when it changes along these lines, I have at long last discovered. The front example does move†and no big surprise! The lady behind shakes it! At times I think there are a considerable number of ladies behind, and now and then just one, and she creeps around quick, and her slithering shakes it everywhere. † (Gilman, 95, 96. ). The spouse's controlling demeanor and low numbness against her pulverized this lady mental stability.At a similar time in â€Å"The Story of An Hour,† Mrs. Mallard believed that the demise of Mr. Mallard would be the chance or her to get out from an abused marriage that didn't let her carry on with the existence that she at any point envisioned. Without precedent for her life, she could picture herself without the control and weight that her marriage gave her. â€Å"There was something going to her and she was sitting tight for it, fearfully†¦ But she saw past that severe secon d a long parade of years to come that would have a place with her absolutely.And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome. † (Chopin, 66-67. ). In these two stories we can see the incredible want of these ladies to be treated with deference; an ense of poise for what they are, something that would cause them to feel like their voice tallied instead of having a significance to their life in view of who theyre wedded to. Additionally, the ladies of these accounts are honest reasonable characters. The storyteller of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† it is a compliant, â€Å"ordinary' (Gilman, 85. white collar class lady who experienced a â€Å"temporary anxious depression† (Gilman, 85). She is taboo to work and writes in her Journal, which she appreciates without question. She is likewise torbi dden to take care ot ner infant and visit any triends, making ner eel like no influence over her life. â€Å"Am completely prohibited to â€Å"work† until I a m well again†¦ â€Å"There comes John, and I should take care of this, †he hates to have me compose a word†¦ And yet I can't be with him (infant), it makes me so nervous†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (Gilman, 85-87-88. ).The fundamental character of this story is an abused lady, who couldn't escape from her existence and, in actuality, a huge of ladies around the globe experience this sort of circumstance. For example, my mom is one of them, for a long time she experiences from a brief anxious sorrow, brought about by my younger sibling's introduction to the world. My dad named himself an exceptionally savvy man, however never searched for the assistance she expected to. Also, he precluded her to work and the main thing that she could do was to deal with house's chores.Couple times throughout my life I saw my own mom in the edge of the franticness that her tedium life and my dad little appreciation about her ailment conveyed her. I recollected, myself alarm at her and crying since I didn't comprehend why she acted in those way and why my dad was so tyrant with us all; and with so low feeling about my mom circumstance. One day my mom woke up from her fantasy and concludes that she needed to assume responsibility for her life and flee from him, leaving my younger sibling and me in his cares.I unequivocally accepted that numerous ladies around the globe, more often than not wedded an inappropriate man, since they can't get them and don't cause them to feel important as their conjugal accomplice. Then again, in â€Å"The Story of An Hour,† Mrs. Mallard is another run of the mill white collar class lady that has â€Å"loved her significant other sometimes† (Chopin, 67. ), however with a â€Å"certain strength†(Chopin, 67. ) that all she bet is to â€Å"drink a very solution of life†, (Chopin, 68. ). Furthermore, who experiences heart issue, that most likely her shock marriage had left her with â€Å"Knowing that Mrs.Mallard was torment ed with a heart trouble†¦ † (Chopin, 66. ). Truth be told, Mrs. Mallard is a knowledge lady with an extraordinary want of carrying on with her existence with no connections and a visionary lady that demonstrated that she didn't require any man to go to bat for her. As a representation, Mrs. Mallard story is like my cousin Birmania's story. She is likewise a clever lady, who wedded her beau whom she was for quite a while. After the wedding, they got a lovely house, furnished with a great deal pleasant furnishings. Her sweetheart (presently her better half), as soon they got hitched denied her to work.At first, she was content with the thought since she used to adore him and she needed to assume a spouse's jobs. Times passed and her monotonic life began hit her and her significant other's conduct was not what she envisioned about, she believed she needed to escape from him and separated from him. He, in any case didn't acknowledge her thought, he believed that couldn't be c onceivable on the grounds that he had consistently give her all the material thing that she promotion needed; house, cash and vehicle. However, in all actuality she required more than that. Birmania required progressively passionate consideration; she needed to work, to act naturally, once for all.Eventually, what number of ladies these days are yet bowed in the persecution of their relationships? Just as the plot and portrayal, these two stories share sensible settings. Both occur in the United States during the nineteenth century and completely depicted the encompassing of their primary characters. For instance, in the â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† the story occur in a late spring's home, explicitly in the storyteller's room. She doesn't have parcel furniture on it, aside from a bed, the banished around the window and the â€Å"queer† (Gilman, 85. ) yellow backdrop. I'm truly getting very tond ot the huge room, everything except that frightful paper†¦ It is a majo r, vaporous room, the entire floor almost, with windows that look all ways, and air and daylight aplenty. It was nursery first and afterward den and exercise center, I should Judge; for the windows are banned for little youngsters, and there are rings and things in the dividers. â€Å"(Gilman, 87-88. ). Thusly, â€Å"The Story of An Hour† occurred in the Mrs. Mallard's home generally in er room, where she sat in a seat to mull over the outside windows scene and imagined about her future. She sat with her head tossed back upon the pad of the chair†¦ A dull gaze in her eyes, whose look was fixed away off there on one of those patches of blue sky. It was anything but a look of reflection. â€Å"(Chopin, 66-67. ). The unexpected reality in the settings of theories stories is that despite the fact that nature delineated for these ladies were an agreeable life, pleasant houses and neighborhood, somewhere within themselves, their hearts were shouting to be comprehended just a s beneficiary need of a feeling of opportunity. Most importantly, the topics in these accounts are the impression of genuine battle of ladies in their marriage.Even however it isn't clarify in the story, Mrs. Mallard maybe needed to experience a ton demoralization and burden in her marriage so as to feel that just with Mr. Mallard demise, she would be free. A feeling of opportunity that was more grounded than the pity she felt from this news. â€Å"Free! Body and soul free! † She kept whispering† (Chopin, 68. ). Today, regardless of a great deal of ladies, they don't feel treated, as they needed by their companions; they proceed in ilence, battling in their marriage suffering abuse and limited themselves from the delight of doing what they imagined one day for their life.However, in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† the lady didn't have a voice, she cherished her significant other as well and valued all what he accomplished for her, she endured to realize that whatever she said or did was never enough for him. â€Å"John doesn't have the foggiest idea the amount I truly endure. He knows there is no motivation to endure, and that fulfills him†¦ I don't care for our room a piece. I needed one first floor that opened on the piazza and had roses all ver the window, and such truly antiquated chintz hangings! Be that as it may, John would not know about it. (Gilman, 86-87. ).For this lady to feel undervalued by her better half, may have been more discouraging than her own apprehensive condition. Any reasonable person would agree that the topics of this story it is additionally identify with the way that numerous ladies in all societies of our general public, become vict

Friday, August 21, 2020

Free Essays on Separate Generations, Separate Lifestyles

Separate Generations, Separate Lifestyles Sally and her companions all choose to go to the bowling alley on Friday. They all heap into one vehicle and go to hang out at the bowling alley. Everybody gets together there save change they made during the time working with mama and dad. Its not much, however enough to bowl one game. They have a great time and its opportunity to return home. Everyone’s time limitation is 10 o’clock, so they better hustle home. They all return home, wash their hands and brush their teeth. They are sleeping by 11 o’clock. Sound recognizable? Not to our age, however likely to the ages of our folks. The fundamental distinction between the our folks ages and our own is that we live in a universe of innovation, as opposed to a manual one. All that we do has to do with innovation, from sitting in front of the TV to preparing dinner. We live in the PC age world. You can do impossible things with the web currently, cover tabs, apply for school, visit with individuals from different nations, and find about anything you need about any subject. At the point when our folks were youthful they would go to class, get back home and work till dinner and afterward head to sleep. They never truly had leisure time until the ends of the week, that’s if their folks let them go out. Today kids go out of control all over town, from Monday through Sunday. We generally discover something to do like setting off to the shopping center or eating, though our folks typically just did that sort of stuff on the ends of the week. Another enormous contrast is our ethics and convictions. Our folks age wa s tied in with working for all they had, and today we simply take a load off while the guardians work. We once in a while ever need to help with the costs of the family. We imagine that its alright to miss church on Sunday to go to the shopping center and shop, where as chapel was an each Sunday event. Our folks age was about customs and redundancy, nothing strange. Prior ages additionally weren’t as cutting edge as we seem to be. We may have the great, yet we ... Free Essays on Separate Generations, Separate Lifestyles Free Essays on Separate Generations, Separate Lifestyles Separate Generations, Separate Lifestyles Sally and her companions all choose to go to the bowling alley on Friday. They all heap into one vehicle and go to hang out at the bowling alley. Everybody gets together there save change they made during the time working with mama and dad. Its not much, however enough to bowl one game. They have some good times and its opportunity to return home. Everyone’s check in time is 10 o’clock, so they better hustle home. They all return home, wash their hands and brush their teeth. They are sleeping by 11 o’clock. Sound recognizable? Not to our age, yet presumably to the ages of our folks. The principle contrast between the our folks ages and our own is that we live in a universe of innovation, as opposed to a manual one. All that we do has to do with innovation, from staring at the TV to preparing dinner. We live in the PC age world. You can do impossible things with the web currently, cover tabs, apply for school, talk with individuals from different nations, and find about anything you need about any subject. At the point when our folks were youthful they would go to class, get back home and work till dinner and afterward head to sleep. They never truly had available time until the ends of the week, that’s if their folks let them go out. Today kids go out of control all over town, from Monday through Sunday. We generally discover something to do like heading off to the shopping center or eating, while our folks normally just did that sort of stuff on the ends of the week. Another large distinction is our ethics and convictions. Our folks age was tied in with working for all they had, and today we simply take it easy while the guardians work. We once in a while ever need to help with the costs of the family. We believe that its alright to miss church on Sunday to go to the shopping center and shop, where as chapel was an each Sunday event. Our folks age was about customs and reiteration, nothing strange. Prior ages additionally weren’t as cutting edge as we seem to be. We may have the great, yet we ...

Monday, June 1, 2020

Strategic Management Assignment Coursework - 1100 Words

Strategic Management Assignment (Coursework Sample) Content: Strategic Management AssignmentStudents Name:Institutional Affiliation:Executive summaryLEGO group was experiencing a change in fortune with its market share dwindling. For years, it had delighted in being the leading toy making company with one of its brands (Lego bricks) experiencing unparalleled success. Having started as a small time family company, the company blossomed under the stewardship of its founder Kirk Kristiansen which grew into one of the leading brands in the toy making industry up to the early 90s. However, its fortunes hit a snag when emerging trends brought down business. In a quest to rescue his enterprise, Kirk appointed a new COO Poul Ploughman, to manage the enterprise.He brought significant changes by reorganizing LEGO group so as to bring down production costs. Lego group came up with a corporate strategy with the aim of conjoining the actions of the variety of functional sections of the enterprise in order to achieve the organizational set o bjectives. To begin with, Kirk introduced five managers to aid him in the administration of Lego group. This was aimed at delegating duties to meet the organizations set goals and to ensure efficient allocation of resources.Through this, the managers would become more responsive to emerging trends. They established an attainable visor with growth being the aim. Lego group conducted a test on coming up with innovative products. With this, they balanced innovative products with tried solutions. Moreover, in order to guide the organization towards actualizing its goals the enterprises were motivated to come up with their solutions to problems. In order to sustain a competing advantage, they had cut down on production cost by and introducing a new range of products.After what transpired between the years 1999 - 2004 it was evident that the group had to come up with new strategies since the growth strategy had failed. The company had suffered its first loss, and this had to be mitigated to avoid bankruptcy. The company took its first bold steps in turning its fortunes around when in the year 2003 Kjeld reshuffled the leadership of LEGO group. He fired the five- man management and their assistants. Kjeld stepped down as CEO and instead invested in the firm and appointed Knudstorp as the new CEO. The new leadership had to develop new strategies so as to save the group that was on the brink of bankruptcy. Intensive internal and external analysis had to be conducted (Foss, 2012).Review of internal business environment.Knudstorp had to make use of the business system model in addressing the problems faced by the organization internally (Schultz et.al, 2005).He laid down incompetent workers and put in place an efficient accounting and cost system. Discipline on the way the business was conducted had to be instilled.Working as a consultant in 2001 he noted that the business transactions were carried out in a very casual manner for instance, senior officials would procure goods in very unorthodox way by calling their friend in manufacturing and asking them, to boost supply on LEGOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s behalf. That was not the only unprofessional incidence that he observed. Furthermore, the company could no longer meet the demand of their loyal customers, and most of them complained of having à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"dead stockà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ from LEGO.All the firms strategies were put under scrutiny, and the analyzed financial statements revealed a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"see-sawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ tendency on the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s profit margins (Prencipe, 2003). Finally, the new CEO gave his advice; one, he suggested that the business be sold and secondly, he asked the workforce to keep faith in the Kristiansen family. He recommended that the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s core be sold to offset some of the overdue debts so as to ease the surmounting financial pressure from their creditors.Review of external business environment using Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"five forcesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ modelTo st art with, Jorgen observed that the firm had lagged behind in embracing new trends in the manufacturing line. The big players in the toy making industry like Hasbro and Nike had opted to outsource its production processes to companies in the Far East so as to cut down on production costs.Also, their rivals outsourced the supply chain tasks to specialist's firms. In essence, outsourcing helped its rivals in cutting down on production costs and gave them more time to focus on their strengths. Outsourcing involved contracting other professional companies to conduct some non-core functions of a firm (Greaver, 1999). The following are Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s five forces analysis (Porter, 1998):Force 1: threat of a new entryThe possibility of a new player into an already crowded market is always a cause of concern to the existing players. However, new entrants were unavoidable in the open market. Thus, the firm had to be aware of the effects of such an entry and take the appropriate course of a ction. For instance, outsourcing would improve access to inputs, increase the scale of production and sells and would further strengthen a brands identity in the market.Force 2: threat of substitutesHere, the tendency of a buyer opting for the substitute as a result of the need to switch costs and pricing is what comes to play. Many consumers of LEGOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s products claimed that there were a reduced childhood and an increased adolescence in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s children. Hence, LEGO had to rebrand their products so as to cater for even adolescents. This would be an ideal technique to counter products from their rivals that appealed to both ages.Force 3: supplier power.In comparison to Disney and Nike, LEGO was a significantly small player in the industry. Even though, this was an advantage LEGO had the potential and if harnessed it would be able to stay on as a legitimate competitor.Force 4: level of rivalry.The extent of rivalry between the toy making firms was an important aspec t and needed proper attention. LEGO had to study their rivals and try to improve on their weaknesses.Force 5: buyer powerAll the aspects that influenced the consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s decision making had to be studied by the firm if it was to save itself from bankr... Strategic Management Assignment Coursework - 1100 Words Strategic Management Assignment (Coursework Sample) Content: Strategic Management AssignmentStudents Name:Institutional Affiliation:Executive summaryLEGO group was experiencing a change in fortune with its market share dwindling. For years, it had delighted in being the leading toy making company with one of its brands (Lego bricks) experiencing unparalleled success. Having started as a small time family company, the company blossomed under the stewardship of its founder Kirk Kristiansen which grew into one of the leading brands in the toy making industry up to the early 90s. However, its fortunes hit a snag when emerging trends brought down business. In a quest to rescue his enterprise, Kirk appointed a new COO Poul Ploughman, to manage the enterprise.He brought significant changes by reorganizing LEGO group so as to bring down production costs. Lego group came up with a corporate strategy with the aim of conjoining the actions of the variety of functional sections of the enterprise in order to achieve the organizational set o bjectives. To begin with, Kirk introduced five managers to aid him in the administration of Lego group. This was aimed at delegating duties to meet the organizations set goals and to ensure efficient allocation of resources.Through this, the managers would become more responsive to emerging trends. They established an attainable visor with growth being the aim. Lego group conducted a test on coming up with innovative products. With this, they balanced innovative products with tried solutions. Moreover, in order to guide the organization towards actualizing its goals the enterprises were motivated to come up with their solutions to problems. In order to sustain a competing advantage, they had cut down on production cost by and introducing a new range of products.After what transpired between the years 1999 - 2004 it was evident that the group had to come up with new strategies since the growth strategy had failed. The company had suffered its first loss, and this had to be mitigated to avoid bankruptcy. The company took its first bold steps in turning its fortunes around when in the year 2003 Kjeld reshuffled the leadership of LEGO group. He fired the five- man management and their assistants. Kjeld stepped down as CEO and instead invested in the firm and appointed Knudstorp as the new CEO. The new leadership had to develop new strategies so as to save the group that was on the brink of bankruptcy. Intensive internal and external analysis had to be conducted (Foss, 2012).Review of internal business environment.Knudstorp had to make use of the business system model in addressing the problems faced by the organization internally (Schultz et.al, 2005).He laid down incompetent workers and put in place an efficient accounting and cost system. Discipline on the way the business was conducted had to be instilled.Working as a consultant in 2001 he noted that the business transactions were carried out in a very casual manner for instance, senior officials would procure goods in very unorthodox way by calling their friend in manufacturing and asking them, to boost supply on LEGOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s behalf. That was not the only unprofessional incidence that he observed. Furthermore, the company could no longer meet the demand of their loyal customers, and most of them complained of having à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"dead stockà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ from LEGO.All the firms strategies were put under scrutiny, and the analyzed financial statements revealed a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"see-sawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ tendency on the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s profit margins (Prencipe, 2003). Finally, the new CEO gave his advice; one, he suggested that the business be sold and secondly, he asked the workforce to keep faith in the Kristiansen family. He recommended that the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s core be sold to offset some of the overdue debts so as to ease the surmounting financial pressure from their creditors.Review of external business environment using Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"five forcesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ modelTo st art with, Jorgen observed that the firm had lagged behind in embracing new trends in the manufacturing line. The big players in the toy making industry like Hasbro and Nike had opted to outsource its production processes to companies in the Far East so as to cut down on production costs.Also, their rivals outsourced the supply chain tasks to specialist's firms. In essence, outsourcing helped its rivals in cutting down on production costs and gave them more time to focus on their strengths. Outsourcing involved contracting other professional companies to conduct some non-core functions of a firm (Greaver, 1999). The following are Porterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s five forces analysis (Porter, 1998):Force 1: threat of a new entryThe possibility of a new player into an already crowded market is always a cause of concern to the existing players. However, new entrants were unavoidable in the open market. Thus, the firm had to be aware of the effects of such an entry and take the appropriate course of a ction. For instance, outsourcing would improve access to inputs, increase the scale of production and sells and would further strengthen a brands identity in the market.Force 2: threat of substitutesHere, the tendency of a buyer opting for the substitute as a result of the need to switch costs and pricing is what comes to play. Many consumers of LEGOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s products claimed that there were a reduced childhood and an increased adolescence in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s children. Hence, LEGO had to rebrand their products so as to cater for even adolescents. This would be an ideal technique to counter products from their rivals that appealed to both ages.Force 3: supplier power.In comparison to Disney and Nike, LEGO was a significantly small player in the industry. Even though, this was an advantage LEGO had the potential and if harnessed it would be able to stay on as a legitimate competitor.Force 4: level of rivalry.The extent of rivalry between the toy making firms was an important aspec t and needed proper attention. LEGO had to study their rivals and try to improve on their weaknesses.Force 5: buyer powerAll the aspects that influenced the consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s decision making had to be studied by the firm if it was to save itself from bankr...

Saturday, May 16, 2020

1982 Falkland Conflict - Operational Logistics and Command...

BACKGROUND The Falklands conflict began on Friday, 02 April 1982, when roughly 500 Argentinean special forces landed at Mullet Creek on East Falkland Island. Under Operation Rosario, Argentina advanced on the Government House at Port Stanley against an unorganized garrison of British Royal Marines stationed on the island. Little opposition was encountered and the Argentinean Junta quickly assumed control. On the same day, Brigadier General Mario Menendez was appointed governor of the islands and Port Stanley was immediately renamed Puerto Argentino. Argentina expected at this point that the British would cede sovereignty over the islands through negotiations and with little or no armed conflict. Argentina had been claiming the†¦show more content†¦COMMAND AND CONTROL A professional military staff organized in a complicated command arrangement led the Argentinean Junta combat operation. In addition, they commanded a poorly trained and inexperienced combatant force. A theater command, the South Atlantic Theater of Operations (TAOS), was established under Vice Admiral Juan Lombardo to command Argentine naval units and the Falklands garrison. Subordinate to Admiral Lombardo, Brigadier General Benjamin Menendez commanded all Argentine army, air force, and navy units. The Fuerza Aerea Sur (FAS), or Southern Air Force, was established under the command of the air force Brigadier General Ernesto Horacio Crespo. The FAS was outside the authority of the theater commander and reported directly to the Argentine Junta. The command structure, lacking a sole theater commander over all forces in the Area of Operations (AO), proved ineffective at strategic planning and joint operations. In a 1994 article in Joint Forces Quarterly, Robert L. Scheina, stated the following: Jointness existed at the operational and tactical levels within the Argentine armed forces during the Malvinas conflict, but did not exist either strategically or doctrinally. Brigadier General Ernesto Horacio Crespo and Army General Benjamin Rattenbach led two separate studies reviewing Argentinas command performance during theShow MoreRelated Military Operational Art Essay1494 Words   |  6 PagesMagnitude of the Falklands/Malvinas conflict in 1982 between Britain and Argentina dictated that both employ a handful of military operational arts particularly logistics, command and control. In the heart, of the 1982 conflict in the contentious issue of the Falklands/Malvinas islands ownership, Command and control, and logistical func tions featured prominently among the operations and preparations of both warring parties. According to Hime (2010, 4), â€Å"Ownership of the Falklands/Malvinas IslandsRead MoreCombat-Support Air Operations2083 Words   |  9 Pagesdelivery of other warfare functions and may also support and enhance the capability of inter related elements from the deep or ground forces or other agencies. Combat Support capabilities include the provision of aircraft and civil engineering, logistics, airport facilities, workforce and health facilities. A successful combat support air operation relies greatly on personnel interoperability achieved through appropriate training. Under mention are some of the combat support air operations substantiatingRead MoreTHE CHALLENGES OF JOINT OPERATIONS IN THE RBAF ‚Äà ¬ PROBLEMS OF DOCTRINE AND EQUIPMENT PROCUREMENT7447 Words   |  30 Pagesthe requirements of the country’s defence policy must be achievable within its resources and so econ omics plays a fundamental part in determining defence policy. Operational Roles And Tasks 7. With its roots in Brunei’s foreign and security policies, its Defence Policy is expressed in the DWP 2004. The DWP 2004 identifies 6 ‘Operational Roles’ in which Brunei forces could be engaged in the future3. These likely roles are, in turn, broken down into a number of ‘military tasks’, which define the activitiesRead Moredrawing from the preceding examples, what factors do you think differentiate occasions when mediation was successful and when it failed14461 Words   |  58 PagesPittsburgh Why do some mediation episodes produce successful negotiated settlements between the disputants of international conï ¬â€šict while others fail to achieve success? This article examines how certain characteristics of a mediator, that is, a mediator’s information about the disputants and a mediator’s bias toward them, affect the success of mediation of international conï ¬â€šicts. By drawing a conceptual distinction between absolute and relative bias and measuring the type of information that is relevant

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Apple Marketing Plan - Individual Essay - 2007 Words

[pic] Principles of Marketing Individual Essay by Segmentation, targeting, differentiation and positioning strategies adopted by Apple for its iPad Rome, November 2011 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Paper examines segmentation-targeting-positioning process on the case of newest mass product of Apple – iPad. It is focused on specific nature of iPAd, segment between established market segments – cell phones of third generation and notebooks/laptops. Further iPad is direct competitor to eBook readers as well as competitor to some of the products from Apple portfolio, like iPods of different kinds. Key words: Apple, iPad, strategy, STP INTRODUCTION This essay giving short overview of STP process and analyze as much as it is†¦show more content†¦Some resources and efforts should be focused on each targeted segment, and mix of tools should be different. (Lehmann, D. and Russell S. 1994) In the case of iPad marginal efforts in targeting of each chosen segments are the key of whole process. Apple continually target own existing and potential customers. In the Casa iPad targeting is investment of extra efforts that are enhanced on the roofs of enormous bran name capital. Therefore targeting is easier, but mistakes are also more dangerous. In the case of, for example iPad failure, company brand losing non-proportional amount of brand equity. Therefore, this situation in Apple is blessing and curse. Most important issue in targeting is magic word HOW. In the case of iPad it is specific mix of promotion, formal and informal in order of attracting the potential buyers. iPad is basically toy, gadget or whatever, friend of PC/Mac rather then device per se. In some extent, it is computer for dummies and Apple invested lot of efforts to change picture of blond buying iPad and using it together with scarves, purses and shoes. Therefore, action had to be directed into the creation of atmosphere of cool product for cool people. iPad is shown as matter of life style, useful supplement, competitor to e-book reader and iPhone. The most challenging task in targeting is estimating of efforts success, bearing in mind that development ofShow MoreRelatedMarketing Is A Major Part Of Business Activity Since The 1960 S1730 Words   |  7 Pages Marketing has become a major part of business activity since the marketing revolution in the 1960’s. Keith (1960, p.35) identified that â€Å"marketing is emerging as the most important single function in business,† around 50 years since its emergence, marketing is now a fundamental function in any businesses operations. While most people believe that marketing is exclusively about promotion and selling, the marketing process entails conducting many more essential functions and activities before theRead MoreApple Inc. Strategy Formulation1720 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In this project I am going to describe the Strategic and Marketing Plan of Apple Inc, Which is the biggest consumer electronics provider in the world. It provides wide range of consumer electronics in the market like MAC computers, IPOD, I Phone, LAPTOP, IPAD. It has about 49,400 employs and over 240 Retails Store all around the world wide out of it 218 are in US and 24 in UK rest in other countries. I personally think that before studying the strategy of any organization we need toRead MoreThe Real Cost Of An Apple Iphone1301 Words   |  6 PagesThe real cost of an Apple iPhone is more than most young-people earn in a month. Apple has contracted with several service providers to offer two-year contracts to their customers so that the real cost is affordable, but keeping the cost down is still prohibitive. In an article by Sam Costello he writes, â€Å"If you don’t have a provider contract to subsidize your iPhone then expect to pay $649, $749, or $849.† Though there are other less expensive cell phones on the market, the iPhone is a brand thatRead MoreThe Marketing Objectives And The Consumer Centric1643 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitute of marketing (CIM)ï ¼Å'â€Å"Marketing is the process of identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer needs profitably.† Marketing is a term gradually into people’s version; it also become to the company’ s primary sector with the improvement of the economic development and the increased in household’s disposal income. Some firms realized that only pay attention to the internal capability to product quality and philosophy rather than focus on customer satisfaction and marketing tools are notRead MoreEssay On Launching A New Product1244 Words   |  5 PagesTo successfully launch a new product, you must create yourself a strategic plan for execution. In addition, gaining loyal customers requires that you understand your potential consumer base and offer a high-quality product that aligns with their demand. Create a Timeline After all the work you have put into creating your amazing new product, a successful launch is not an option, but a necessity. The first step towards a great launch involves creating a timeline. 4 Months Prior to Your Launch AskRead MoreCustomer1411 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Marketing environment is constantly changing over time. A famous marketer Philip Kotler (2003, cited in Taupau and Boscor, 2011, p.51) once insisted that a successful company should focus on its products and profits. But now, marketers tend to regard satisfying customer needs as one of the key elements of achieving success under contemporary marketing environment where is filled with fierce competition. This indicates that many firms nowadays always attempt to identify customer needs and concentrateRead MoreApple Marketing Mix3815 Words   |  16 Pages0.0.0 Introduction Marketing Mix is a major theory in modern marketing that involves basically all that a corporation can utilize to persuade consumer perception auspiciously in favor of its products or its services, in order to meet organizational and consumer objectives. That is, marketing mix involves crafting and implementation of a marketing plan. In this assignment, I will discuss the most important marketing mix variables as grouped by Prof. E. Jerome McCarthy: i) Product ii) PromotionRead MoreFinal Marketing Plan and Presentation P8287 Words   |  34 Pages2014 Susan Craver Strategy Positioning Paper Apple is one of the most innovative companies that were ever created to surface our technology world. Founder created it Steve Jobs and two others in 1976. Apple is an â€Å"American  multinational corporation  headquartered in  Cupertino,  California, that designs, develops, and sells  consumer electronics, computer software, online services, and personal computers† (Apple Inc.,  2014).Apple is most known for its hardware products such as the Mac computerRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot And Pest Analysis3013 Words   |  13 PagesThis essay will examine SWOT analysis and PEST analysis on how they can benefit an organisation in developing strategy to achieve its goals. Organisations use SWOT analysis as a useful technique to understand their strengths and weaknesses, and also for identifying both opportunities open to them and the threats they face. When this strategy is used in a business context it could have a big impact, it helps them carve a sustainable niche i n the market that they operate. When used in a personal contextRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Mcdonalds S1498 Words   |  6 PagesDuring this task, I presented few examples of how McDonald’s use marketing strategies to control the macroenvironment factors. I tried to show how these marketing strategies helps McDonald’s to remain a leader in this industry and control the market’s share at a global level. Learning outcome 1c During this task, I will show how McDonald’s approach consumer markets. The terms of Consumer and Customer are the two different marketing terms that will be identified and researched in relation to

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Penalty Rates of Coles Supermarket

Question: Discuss about the Penalty Rates of Coles Supermarket. Answer: Penalty Rates: A Case Study on Coles Supermarket In 2016, the Fair Work Commission (FWC) passed a landmark ruling refusing to approve an enterprise bargaining agreement that would see 78,000 employees at Coles Supermarket disadvantaged due to penalty rates that were lower than the Industry Award recommended rate. The industry rate was set at 200% while Coles agreement proposed a 150% rate. Despite the ruling, the Supermarket chain declined to adhere to the FWCs requirement. The study aims to identify the legitimacy of Coles Supermarkets position and outline an amicable solution to the issues raised by employees. It is important to note, however, that in 2017 the industry rates were reviewed to 150% by the Commission. The effect of these changes will also be highlighted by this research. Review of Literature Penalty rates have a long standing history in Australian labour relations; the Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration (CCCA) in 1904 set out minimum terms and conditions which required employers to pay penalty rates in certain industries(Steegstra, 2016, p. 15). There were two underlying principles at the time that led to the adoption of these rates. Firstly, was to compensate employees for work done outside ordinary hours or in excess of the ordinary work week. Secondly, they served to deter employers from taking advantage of employees. Guided by this principle and the CCCA guidelines, Higgins J in 1909, awarded a pay rate of time and a quarter for work done on Sundays or Public Holidays(Barrier Branch of Amalgamated Miners Association v Broken Hill Pty Company Ltd, 1909). This position was reiterated by Drake-Brockman J in 1932 where he held that the purpose of these rates was to compensate employees who had to work outside ordinary hours and to penalise employers and discourage others from having employees work at these times(Commonwealth Railways Commissioner v Australian Workers Union, 1932). This reasoning is believed to emanate from the Australian culture that would rather people not work than to work and have low pay(Coleman, 2016, p. 138). The community at the time was more family-focused and as such employers had to pay for limiting the opportunities that employees has to interact with their loved ones(Taylor, 2014). Recently there seems to be a shift from these principles; in 2005 Philip Lewis argued that there was a negative correlation between employment and wages. According to him, the minimum wage made it difficult for firms to employ more workers and maintain profits at the same time. He believed lower wages made it possible for businesses to hire and pay more workers(Lewis, 2005). The Fair Work Commission seems to have adopted a similar view in the recent past, although it still upholds the payment of penalties, the commission has begun to see the rates as too high. In 2014 the commission reduced the penalty rates payable to casual restaurant staff who worked on Sundays from 75% to 50% arguing they were overcompensation(Maguire , 2014). Inefficiency, outdatedness and international competitiveness are the arguments raised in the case against penalty rates. With regard to inefficiency Cole (2016) avers that opponents have argued rates have increased costs to businesses operating outside ordinary hours; they reduce profits and increase government cost thus reducing demand for labour. However, the increase in incomes through the rates serves to increase consumer demand and build economic growth(Economics Cole, 2016, p. 16). A 2014 AWALI survey indicated that employees would rather work ordinary hours than the unsociable hours thus quashing the out of date argument(Skinner Pocock, 2014, pp. 2-3). Internationally, Australia has the highest minimum wage and most controlled wage system; it also surpasses its comparators with regard to GDP(Economics Cole, 2016, p. 17). It is notable, as Coleman(2016) outlined, that no other country, comparable to Australia, has legislated national wage standards and tribunal-influenced wages(2016, p. 133). In the UK, where there is a well-established union movement, there are no specific legal provisions for the payment of penalty rates, employees and employers are open to creating their own agreement. This is however guided by the National Minimum Wage rates. In the US, there are no statutory provisions for penalty rates; the Fair Labour Standards Act (FLSA) does not require extra payment for employees working at night or during the weekend(Suchecki, 2017). However, some states have adopted shift differentiation systems with a 50% loading rate for Sundays. As such, penalty rates are more common and much higher in Australia than other comparator states(Coleman, 2016, p. 139). Organisations that pay the rates, even where not required, are driven by the belief that the payment boosts productivity; where rates are in place, due diligence dictates that businesses adhere to these guidelines. Conceptual model. Main(2015) believed that the earlier position on penalty rates was guided by moral principles and Marxist ideologies. It was their belief that longer working hours meant more exploitation of workers; exploitation in that they only get a portion of the wealth they produce. The relationship between employers and employees is guided by Contract Law to the extent that they are bound by an employment contract which bestows on both parties certain rights and obligations(Gibson Fraser, 2013, p. 949). As such, employers are expected to pay for services offered; this payment in Australia is guided by certain provisions of the Fair Work Act 2009 which include penalty rates. Employers, therefore, are bound by contract and by law to pay them. Additionally, as an agreement entered into in good faith, Business Ethics principles dictate that firms should uphold such an agreement in exercise of their duty of care and due diligence towards employees. However, these agreements are s ubject to the Better-Off Overall Test (BOOT) which will be relied on as well to determine Coles culpability. Methodology The methodology employed in this study will rely on a variety of literature to identify key information as to the significance of penalty rates and best practice principles that can be adopted by Coles Supermarket to mitigate the issue with its employees. The study will rely on secondary sources; that is, academic books, reports, government policies, explanatory notes, and articles regarding the subject matter. The search strategies adopted will be modelled from the sources in question; for government sources known item, subject, agency, statistical and special technique search strategies will be considered(Sears Moody, 2001, p. 5). Keyword and phrase searches will suffice for other relevant information. The tools to be used will include catalogues, bibliographies, libraries and web search engines. The reason for adopting this methodology is that it saves on time, additionally, technological advancements make it simpler and cheaper to use; it also offers a wide variety of sources. Summary In conclusion, the objective of this study is to provide a suitable solution to Coles Supermarkets Group with regard to the penalty rates issues it is facing with its employees. Guided by the literature above, the study will consider the history and purpose of the policy regarding penalty rates; this is aimed at determining why Coles Supermarket should pay penalty rates in the first place. The study will also look into the development of this position into what it is today; the current opinions held on penalty rates and the arguments for and against them. Using the principles identified in this literature, the research will determine whether Coles Supermarket has a legitimate cause. However, it is important to note that the policies relied on by the Fair Work Commission at the time of the ruling in 2016 have since changed as evidenced by the 2017 penalty cuts and these changes provide new opportunities for the Supermarket to revise its enterprise bargaining agreement upon expiration. References Barrier Branch of Amalgamated Miners Association v Broken Hill Pty Company Ltd, 3 (CAR 1909). Coleman, W. (2016). Only in Australia: The History, Politics and Economics of Australian Exceptionalism. Oxford: OUP. Commonwealth Railways Commissioner v Australian Workers Union, 31 (CAR 815 1932). Economics, E., Cole, M. (2016). The Importance of Penalty Rates for Our Health Workforce: The economic health benefits of cutting penalty rates. McKell Institute. Gibson, A., Fraser, D. (2013). Business Law 2014. NSW: Pearson Higher Education AU. Lewis, P. (2005). Low pay or no pay? Policy, 14-20. Maguire . (2014, May 19). Sunday Penalties for Casual Restaurant Staff Reduced. Retrieved from Maguire Consulting: https://maguire.com.au/news/er-updates/sunday-penalties-for-casual-restaurant-staff-reduced#.WOaqR8klHIU Main, A. (2015, October 20). Penalty rates: The logic behind the extra pay. Retrieved from Socialist Party Australia: https://www.socialistpartyaustralia.org/archives/7824 Sears, J. L., Moody, M. K. (2001). Using Government Information Sources: Electronic and Print (3rd ed.). Oryx Press. Skinner, N., Pocock, B. (2014). AWALI 2014- The Persistent Challenge: Living, Working and Caring in Australia 2014. Centre for Work+Life University of South Australia. Steegstra, E. (2016). Who's Paying the Penalty?- An examination of the historical legal basis of penalty rates and consideration issues relating to their retention. RMIT LSS Law Journal, 15-21. Suchecki, P. M. (2017). Might Shift Workers Rights. Retrieved from Chron: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/night-shift-workers-rights-67153.html Taylor, M. (2014). Why Penalty Rates? Retrieved from QORF: https://qorf.org.au/industry/resources-master/industrial-relations/penalty-rates/

Saturday, April 18, 2020

Research Paper on Animal Farm and Russian Revolution Essay Example

Research Paper on Animal Farm and Russian Revolution Essay Animal Farm is a fable by George Orwell published in 1945, describing a farm where the animals revolted, took power, and chase the men, as a result of the men negligence towards them. It is a fable in which Orwell offers a satire of the Russian Revolution and a critique of Stalinism. The events and characters in Animal Farm are inspired by the history of the Soviet Union. Orwell wrote explicitly about Napoleon that he associates with Stalin in one of his letters. The other characters are often generic concepts and association with a historical figure and are indicative only. George Orwell wrote Animal Farm inspired by the history of the USSR. One day the animals, animated by the ideals of an old pig (Old Sage), decide to rebel against their masters in the hope of independent living in equality, mutual aid, and peace among all. The farm, fallen into their hands, is managed in accordance with the seven commandments that advocate pacifism while defining specific animals presented as an asset. The man is clearly pointed as an enemy and has to disappear; the cohesion is created around this threat. Pigs quickly take power, enslaving other animals, using their superior intelligence to handle their fears and change the past to their advantage. Ideals are quickly denatured, generous principles gradually rogue. A dictator emerges, hunting his main rival Snowball, runs the â€Å"traitors† to consolidate his power. He quickly established a cult of personality and keeps its congeners is in a state of submission in the grueling exhausting work. However, he keeps their hope set on an unattainable goal, promising them a better life, keeping this utopia. The years go by and nothing seems to distinguish the pigs from their former masters. All this refers to Stalinism. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Animal Farm and Russian Revolution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Animal Farm and Russian Revolution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Animal Farm and Russian Revolution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The history of the farm animals is clearly similar to that of the USSR. The approach taken is, however, not objective, the author summarizes the methods applied under the Stalinist regime, which allows the reader to better understand the mindset of leadership and direction of decisions. In all dictatorships practices, something common can be found: The cult of personality; The demonization of the enemy used as propaganda tools to create cohesion; Voluntarism; Art in the service of propaganda; A theory of Revisionism largely developed by Orwell in his book 1984. College students writing their research proposal on Animal Farm and Russian Revolution, would have to thoroughly study the fable by George Orwell in order to understand all the numerous facets of this complex issue. To do this, they will have to process a good deal of relevant data from reliable sources. As one of such sources, we can recommend you free example research paper topics on Animal Farm and Russian Revolution. Are you looking for a top-notch custom research paper on Animal Farm topics? Is confidentiality as important to you as the high quality of the product? Try our writing service at EssayLib.com! We can offer you professional assistance at affordable rates. Our experienced PhD and Master’s writers are ready to take into account your smallest demands. We guarantee you 100% authenticity of your paper and assure you of dead on time delivery. Proceed with the order form: Please, feel free to visit us at EssayLib.com and learn more about our service!

Saturday, March 14, 2020

Preparing for the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT)

Preparing for the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) Preparing for the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) Whether you have studied Japanese in school, have participated in a study abroad program in Japan, or may be moving to Japan for business or personal reasons, you may want to take the Japanese Language Proficiency Test. There are several reasons for this: You will get a feel for how much of the language you have mastered, so that you can set goals for preparing to take the higher levels of the test You will get a certificate when you pass each of Japanese language proficiency test levels, and you will have these as evidence that you are proficient in the language. This will be important if you should seek employment in Japan You may want to be employed as a translator in your home country, either for private industry or for the government in some capacity. Having the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) certification, especially at the highest level, will be your proof that you have the required knowledge and skills. You may want to re-locate to Japan for personal reasons. Taking this test will allow you to determine your own proficiency. Preparing for the Japanese Language Proficiency Test The test is given on the same day, all over the world. In some places, outside of the U.S. (there are 16 testing centers in the U.S.), it is given multiple times a year. The first part of your preparation, of course, is to register, which you can do on the official site of the testing organization. You will pay your fee and receive a registration card with a number. That number will be assigned to you at a specific testing site. But even before that, you need to identify which of the five Japanese Language Proficiency Test Levels you will want to select. You must select which test you want to take during the registration process. In order to do that, you need to know very specifically which level is best suited for you. Here is a summary of each of those levels: N5: This is the lowest level test, and it demonstrates your ability to read and understand basic Japanese. The reading portion of the test will require that you comprehend sentences and common expressions that are written in katakana, kanji, and hiragana. The listening portion will test your ability to understand conversation about common topics encountered in classrooms and everyday life. N4: This test also has a reading and a listening portion and will assess your ability to do all of those things in the N5 level, plus your ability to read more difficult material in kanji with a stronger vocabulary and knowledge of kanji characters. N3: the N3 level is probably most appropriate for those who are re-locating to Japan and who need to be able to navigate through more complex daily living situations. The reading section will incorporate everything in N5 and N4 levels but include additional materials, such as news summaries and short literary passages. The listening portion still revolves around everyday situations but requires ability to understand when the language is spoken at a moderate pace. N2: To select this test and have a good chance of passing it, you will need to read passages on a variety of topics – literary, news and magazine articles, and to be able to relate intent and opinions of the writers. The listening portion will contain conversations on lots of topics at an almost normal speed, and you will need to demonstrate that you understand facts and nuances of conversations. N1: This is the most difficult of the Japanese Language Proficiency Test levels and should be selected by those who have strong proficiency. The reading portion will require comprehension and analysis of complex content – news editorials, literary works, abstract concepts, etc. Listening will be at normal rates of speed and require a substantial vocabulary in order to understand and interpret conversations, news reports, etc. Studying and Preparing for the Japanese Language Proficiency Test Learning a language is a cumulative process, and you are at some level of proficiency. Certainly, you can prepare for the test by studying additional vocabulary and continuing to practice reading passages at your level. Perhaps the best preparation is to immerse yourself, either physically or online, into a Japanese environment. There are plenty of Japanese students looking for partners in English to practice their language skills. Set up a cooperative relationship and, through Skype or another live chat app, set a scheduled time to hook up and converse several times a week. Barring that, find a local group of Japanese students on campus or a local Japanese-American organization. If you are a current college student, locate a Japanese foreign student and set up a cooperative arrangement. You can assist with their coursework demands, even with their college essay writing. In turn, they can tutor you in the language. Access the Japanese Language Proficiency Test site, and link to the sample questions for each level of the test. You will also find a link to the official practice workbooks, again separated by test level. Scoring and Results Notification Individual scores are sent to examinees; they will also be available online by registration/identification number. In general, those students who take the test in July will receive their scores and certificates by early October. Those who take a December test will receive results by early March. If the test is taken in Japan, scores will be published a month earlier in each case. Results are on a Pass/Fail basis, and there is a minimum score for each section of a test in order to receive a passing grade. If any section of a test fall into the â€Å"fail† section, the student fails the entire test. Certificates of passage are mailed to everyone who has passed. The Takeaway The Japanese Language Proficiency Test is a fully objective test, that is, it does not require composition, as many other standardized tests and application/admissions testing does. The value of such a test, and the certificate that comes with it, however, does demonstrate that you have enough proficiency to comprehend verbal and written communication in the language. If you are a student in a Japanese institution, for example, you will be able to understand the lectures and the readings. Writing is another matter, however, and that may take some additional time and work. Until you establish that proficiency, you can always find a Japanese friend, agency, or tutor and state, â€Å"Write my papers,† in exchange for a bit of cash or a reciprocal favor.

Wednesday, February 26, 2020

Skype and its impact on Social and Culture Environment Term Paper

Skype and its impact on Social and Culture Environment - Term Paper Example Importance of Skype and its Impact on People’s Lives Skype has been significant in the lifestyles of the modern society. The most important aspect has been lowering the cost of telephone services. Subscribers of Skype are able to communicate effectively through unlimited phone calls, which is not possible through the common telephone service providers. Moreover, Skype services are accessible globally and therefore every person who has access to the internet can use them (Booth, 16). The current wave of globalization has necessitated effective communication among business people, workers and their families as well as among organizations with mobile workers. Greenhow observes that Skype services have enabled many people working away from home to accomplish work-life balance by means of video conferencing (11). The common mobile telephony only allows voice calls, but workers and their relations appreciate visual communication whereby they are able to see the person whom they are communicating with. Under such circumstances, expatriate workers overseas are able to see their families through video chats. This is significance in the enhancement of satisfaction in employment and avoidance of family breakdown as a result of distance work. Video conferencing has also enhanced business and inter-organizational partnerships by enhancing networking capabilities. The cost of travel and conference rooms has been eliminated by Skype. Moreover, it helps in saving time in the p reparations for conferences (Turban et al. 19). In making purchases online, a person is in a position to see the partner whom he/she is communicating with thereby avoiding chances of falling in to the trap of fraudsters. For example, the recent rise in fraudulent transactions involving the sale of used motor vehicles by fake dealers through their short-lived websites could have been avoided if buyers insisted on visual conversations through Skype. This would enable them to request an image of the company premises and the cars before concluding a deal. On the other hand, the fear of fraudster companies in the internet has led to a decline of consumers willing to buy products online (Booth, 13). Skype can be applied by marketers to express their genuineness to potential online customers. Its application offers the opportunity to present a positive image by showing customers their marketing team, management and physical location. In deed, as Kuriyan & Ray (95) assert, Skype is the way to go in future online shopping. In healthcare, Skype has contributed to numerous positive changes with regard to communication between doctors and patients. Doctors, just like other professionals have been using Skype to communicate with families and friends. However, new developments have changed the manner in which they relate with patients. With increased cost of hospitalized healthcare, doctors have established a new strategy of home based care through Skype. Routine medical checks for patients have been facilitated by Skype video calls to patients in the comfort of their homes. Moreover, patients can interact with doctors for clinical consultations and other health related issues without physical presence in the hospital (Turban et al. 19). This has enabled doctors

Monday, February 10, 2020

Chinese Christian History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Chinese Christian History - Research Paper Example There is a current interest in Chinese Christianity studies owing to what many quarters see as an upsurge in the number of Christians in the country in recent times, with some estimates putting the number of Chinese Christians at anywhere between 25 million to 200 million, said to be the highest those numbers have ever been in China, with prospects for more growth in the number of new entrants to Christianity moving forward. This, in spite of a history of Christian persecution and persecution and suppression of religious expression by the government authorities in China through time, making it difficult to come up with accurate assessments of the state of Christianity in the country at any given time. The implication is that the persecution must drive some of the Christian activities underground, so that at any given time in history, one can say that the official numbers belie an even larger underground population of Chinese Christians who choose to remain incognito rather than face the wrath of the Chinese bureaucratic machine. That said, the history of Chinese Christians is interesting, given that at even today’s conservative estimates, the number of Chinese Christians attending Sunday service now dwarf the total number of European Christians, with a large potential upside. This paper basically traces the historical roots of this present-day phenomenon of the meteoric rise in the numbers of Christians in China (Gardam; Kelman; BillionBibles.org; Liqiang and Yinan; Christians in China; Moll; Orso; Yao). II. Chinese Christian History A. How Chinese Christianity Developed The earliest form of Christianity that took root in China had its origins in what is called Nestorian Christianity, which is a form of Christianity introduced by Alopen, a Nestorian \Christian from Syria, who came into China in 635 during the time of the Tang Dynasty. The religion was perceived and received by the local Chinese Buddhists as a variant of Buddhism itself, and via this asso ciation was received positively by the Chinese at the time, calling the religion of Alopen a brilliant religion worthy of admiration. The Chinese from the Tang period had a curious stance towards Western religion at the time, and this version gained some traction and toleration for some period of time, before it was rooted out of mainland China during the purge of the 9th century, when its perceived association with Buddhist precepts made it a candidate for purging. Several other waves of Christianity met with some mild success but failed to take root as well, from the 13th all the way to the 18th centuries, before a fourth Christianity wave that occurred during the 19th century developed sturdier roots in Chinese society. During this time, coercion on the part of the western powers allowed Christianity as advanced by missionaries to gain ground even with the corresponding advance of western economic and political interests resulted in Christianity being perceived as part of this dr ive, and so was resisted in some measure by the Chinese. The backlash from all this was the targeting of Christian groups in China in 1919, and the further withering of the roots of Chinese Christianity in the ensuing years due to the pressures exerted on it by the budding Communist Party. During this tim

Thursday, January 30, 2020

Pride and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Pride and Prejudice Essay Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice (1813) is believed to originate from the manuscript called First Impressions that have been written between 1796 and 1797. The initial title indicates that characters’ behavior and evaluations are influenced by their first impressions. The second title stresses the importance of such psychological traits and mechanisms as pride and prejudice. In a course of the novel personages change a lot so far as they understand that perfunctory attitudes and assessments are false when being devoid of knowledge of the context and understanding of an individual’s character. The present paper tackles upon analysis of Austen’s book as being researched through a lens of psychology. Contemporary science introduced the â€Å"social stereotypes† concept which significantly influences people’s interaction within a given social group. Among many other important contributions, the novel of interest teaches us to approach carefully decisions as related to our interpersonal acting and judgment of group members according to first impressions. The effects, dangers and consequences of premature evaluations as based on social stereotypes will be analysed with specific examples from the book. The novel under review is believed to be an example of psychological writing or novel of human relationships. As Sherry has acknowledged, the writer is always aware of â€Å"the presence of other individuals with whom it is either a duty or a pleasure to mix† (611). The very title of the book consists of two psychological concepts. The one of â€Å"pride† denotes a trait of character associated with high self-esteem. Another one of â€Å"prejudice† refers to a situation when a person makes decisions regardless of the context and relevant features of a case or individual. In regard to the issue of Austen’s psychologism, critic Bloom has cited Ian Watt, an important theorist of literature from Stanford University. The latter has claimed Austen to be the commenting narrator† in the sense that her â€Å"analyses of †¦ characters and their states of mind, and her ironical juxtaposition of motive and situation †¦ do not seem to come from an intrusive author but rather from some august and impersonal spirit of social and psychological understanding† (39). In his turn, another literary critic, Ryan, has defined Austen’s psychologism as an â€Å"experiment in schematic psychology† (33). The latter definition with its emphasis on the writer’s schematism in delineating people’s behavioral patterns and analyzing their internal and external drives seems to be really accurate, given the recent developments in psychological science. Just think of the plain statistics: in Austen’s text, there are 48 references to the phenomenon of â€Å"pride,† which is accessible through direct observation, but there are only 8 cases of mentioning the phenomenon of â€Å"prejudice,† which requires a deeper understanding of psychological mechanisms and social contexts. It seems that the writer lacks instruments and concepts to analyze human behavior at a deeper level but this is not Austen’s fault. Being unaware of any of the recent theories of social sciences, she nevertheless hits the very essence of the process that would later be called â€Å"social stereotyping. † Let us prove this hypothesis on the example of the â€Å"pride† concept. First time it is explained in Chapter 5 by Mary Bennet, the most earnest of the Bennets, who is interested in social theory. Upon the ball at which the local society has got acquainted with Fitzwilliam Darcy, the rich and handsome gentleman from London, women start discussing the newcomer and label him as being â€Å"eat up with pride† (Austen 25). On occasion, Mary has demonstrated her education, saying: Pride is a very common failing†¦ human nature is particularly prone to it, and †¦ there are very few of us who do not cherish a feeling of self-complacency on the score of some quality or other, real or imaginary. Vanity and pride are different things, though the words are often used synonymously. A person may be proud without being vain. Pride relates more to our opinion of ourselves, vanity to what we would have others think of us. (ibid. ) The validity of Mary’s (i. e. , Austen’s) remark has been acknowledged many decades afterwards by contemporary psychologists including Hunyady and Ryan. Whereas Mary Bennet operates the phrase â€Å"opinion of ourselves,† when referring to characteristics ascribed to the self by an individual, Ryan uses the term â€Å"self-ratings† (191), and Hunyady employs the term â€Å"self-image† (189). Both Mary (i. e. Austen) and modern scientists are aware of the complexity of perceptions as featured by the subject and members of the group. To proceed with comparison, whereas in the novel there is made a distinction between â€Å"pride† as a self-rating and â€Å"vanity† as the rating imposed by the community, Ryan speaks about the concept of â€Å"social stereotype. † The psychologist has ac knowledged that it consists of the two basic elements: â€Å"the perceived stereotypicality of a group (i. e. , the perceived extremity of the central tendency) and the perceived dispersion, or diversity, of group members† (191). This point is not Ryan’s unique invention. On the same issue, another social scientist, Hunyady, has stressed the duality of social processes as occurring both within the specific group and outside it. Observing the complexity of relationships in dynamic social contexts, Hunyady has emphasized the following: †¦ [T]he categories of persons and the related stereotypes do not stand on their own but rather are components of some kind of a system. †¦ [S]tereotypes are the mosaic pieces of a picture formed of the whole society. One not only gets to know his individual companions or groups of his companions but also tries to get a comprehensive view of the entire human world and of society, in which he and his fellows have a place and a more or less stable environment. (189) In other words, psychologists argue that in a process of exhibiting the new object to the social group, the behavior of group members in regard to this object is predicted by realistic group conflict theory and social cognition theories of social categorization. Every subject unit of the group obeys to a certain set of normative regulations. An individual does not function on his/her own but clearly fits into this or that community. Subsequently and inevitably, a person evaluates oneself according to the degree of membership, or the extent to which his/her ratings of the self, the group and social processes conform to the summated ratings of other people belonging to that group. As Ryan has indicated, there is a â€Å"central tendency,† or the core perception of the phenomenon that is agreed upon by all group members as being guided by a set of shared norms, and there are also deviations from the mainstream. The latter are allowed by those group subjects who are less inclined to stereotype the phenomena of life due to their intellect and character. Taking this conceptual framework into consideration, we should admit that the stages of the social stereotyping process are brilliantly revealed by Austen in Pride and Prejudice, albeit the narrator employs a simple, non-scientific language. There is a specific group in the countryside 19th century England whose members share the common regulations concerning people and events. The highest value is attributed to the upper class membership, wealth, and appearance. There is â€Å"the aura of a small, enclosed community of talking, visiting, and company† (Sherry 611) that confines every person to the specific role and place. In this social atmosphere, first impressions, which are based on the abovementioned features of appearance and sweet manners (i. e. , those which do not deviate from the central tendency), become the long-lasting tags for an individual. It is extremely difficult to overcome the sustainability of these immediately formed stereotypes. Since the very moment of his entry to the ball room, Fitzwilliam Darcy drew the group’s attention. He is a new person to the community, and at first sight he seems to be in accord with the shared set of norms so far as the man is high, good-looking and enjoys a substantial income of ten thousand a year. However, conforming to the stereotype of a â€Å"good man† in the sense of outlook and social position, Darcy becomes a breacher of discipline in terms of his relationships with other group members. Darcy is claimed â€Å"to be proud; to be above his company, and above being pleased; and not all his large estate in Derbyshire could then save him from having a most forbidding, disagreeable countenance† (Austen 14). The reason for such a shift in attitudes is the man’s denial of the spirit of companionship that is somewhat more important to the community than the characteristics of its individual subjects, however handsome and wealthy they are. The clue to understanding the first impression of Darcy is provided in the scene where young women are discussing him after the ball. Charlotte Lucas, the best friend of the second Bennets daughters Elizabeth, who is the main female personage of the story, justifies Darcy by the fact that his high self-rating is understandable so far as he possesses every feature admired within the group: His pride does not offend me so much as pride often does, because there is an excuse for it. One cannot wonder that so very fine a young man, with family, fortune, everything in his favour, should think highly of himself. If I may so express it, he has a right to be proud. (Austen 25) In other words, this is not the man’s high self-esteem that hurts the senses of the locals. His drawback tackles upon not the pardonable attitude of pride but the regrettable vanity, or the overt negligence of the shared persuasion that the given social group is the best environment for any dignified individual. Regarding the eagerness to enter the local community and borrow its toolkit of stereotypes, Darcy represents a sharp contrast to an amiable young officer, Mr. Wickham. The latter is as handsome as the former but is more eagerly accepted by the group so far as he gladly steps into social intercourses with every member of the circle. As the personage himself has confessed, â€Å"I have been a disappointed man, and my spirits will not bear solitude. I must have employment and society† (Austen 98). This weakness and lack of the so to say inner rod is initially perceived as a virtue by group members. Austen’s mastery is made evident in the scenes documenting the usual intercourse between group members so that the reader can get impression of the relationships permeating the group atmosphere and learn the principles which back up the social stereotypes of that time. To make a clue to her heroes’ characters, the writer provides short explanations of the people’s psychological background. People and events are evaluated by many people who exchange remarks on the issue of interest, although Austen takes a particular interest in the phenomena as perceived through the eyes of Elizabeth Bennet. This is a beautiful and intelligent young lady of 20 years old who displays â€Å"a lively, playful disposition, which delighted in anything ridiculous† (Austen 16). She deserves the reader’s appreciation, demonstrating â€Å"more quickness of observation and less pliancy of temper than her sister, and †¦ a judgement too unassailed by any attention to herself† (Austen 20). Due to her intellect and sociable yet a bit absent-minded character, Elizabeth exhibits the perfect ability to deviate from the central tendency in her assessments and evaluations of life matters. The second of Bennet’s daughters is obviously the only group member who could have appreciated Darcy’s ability to let the world slide, if not for the case of personal injustice. She cannot forget the pain that has been caused to her own self-esteem. The thing is that Elizabeth has heard the handsome newcomer admitting that she is not enough beautiful to dance with. The remark is enough for the young lady to start detesting the offender to her pride. As Elizabeth herself has stated, â€Å"I could easily forgive his pride, if he had not mortified mine† (Austen 25). The first impression of Darcy’s rudeness at the ball is driven by the clash of self-esteems, and negative perceptions color the young lady’s further conceptualization of the hero up to the very moment when he reveals his love toward her in Chapter 34. The futility of first impressions is demonstrated through the description of Elizabeth’s relationships with Darcy and Wickham as well as her understanding of Bingley’s character. As it has been stated earlier, all three men fit the shared group’s concept of â€Å"an appropriate gentleman† in terms of their looks and wealth, albeit Wickham is not as rich as the other two men and pretends to be a man who is unjustly insulted. He pretends to be modest and good-hearted when he says, â€Å"I have no right to give my opinion† or â€Å"I am not qualified to form one† (Austen 96) in regard to Darcy’s background, and immediately afterwards he does his best to ruin Fitzwilliam’s reputation. All Wickham’s envy of Darcy is demonstrated in the following characterization: â€Å"The world is blinded by his fortune and consequence, or frightened by his high and imposing manners, and sees him only as he chooses to be seen† (Austen 97). The remark provides the reader with a hint concerning Darcy’s manner of functioning within the upper class social circle. Among this threesome with Bingley being superficial and Wickham being villainous, Darcy is the only person to be criticized for the lack of that â€Å"agreeable manner† that Wickham demonstrates speaking even about insignificant matters. The intelligent and kind-hearted Lizzy cannot but â€Å"feel that the commonest, dullest, most threadbare topic might be rendered interesting by the skill of the speaker† (Austen 94) when she socialized with Wickham, whereas Darcy’s brisk and unwilling manner of speaking makes the young lady feel uncomfortable. This is true that being compared to his friend Bingley or his rivalry Wickham, Darcy is not the object to readily fall in love and admiration with. He dances only with the two selected ladies and neglects the rest. This manner is regarded an offense to the aura of amiability, and he abstains from the social chit-chat. Besides this gentleman directly expresses his opinions of other people instead of camouflaging them under the veil of behind-the-back gossip. This personage makes it too clear that the local society is â€Å"a collection of people in whom there was little beauty and no fashion, for none of whom he had felt the smallest interest, and from none received either attention or pleasure† (Austen 22). He reveals indignation, boredom, or sarcasm in the situations when other men pretend to be pleased and amused. Judging from first impressions, Charles Bingley is more favored by the locals since he treats them as the nicest people he has ever met. In his turn, Wickham’s reputation is based on the assumption that Darcy has devoid him of wealth, which puts the two men in the positions of a victim and an offender. This is only throughout a course of the plot development that the narrator makes clear that Bingley’s sociality is explained by superficiality, and Wickham is a cheater who has attempted to seduce Darcy’s younger sister. Utilizing the theories of social categorization, one may say that Wickham has been admitted to the local group more easily than Darcy because the former has readily belittled his self-rating in public conversations and demonstrated the greater extent of willingness to share the pre-established social regulations of the given group. Being compared to the sweet Mr. Bingley’s behavior, Darcy’s behavioral pattern is rooted in the wider cognitive scope and finer spiritual development. The latter is strong enough to disregard the central tendency as it exists in the given group. Being cleverer than his friend Mr. Bingley, who has managed to become the crowd puller, Darcy falls into the sin that is not pride per se but rather vanity. The local society would gladly accept him as the most important person if he had been willing to put himself on one leg so to say with other group members. It is only in Chapter 10 when the narrator lets readers learn more about Darcy’s understanding of pride and related concepts. In public opinion, his high self-esteem is a manifestation of haughtiness, whereas Wickham’s seemingly low self-rating is a sign of appropriateness as shown through humility. In his turn, Darcy detests â€Å"the appearance of humility† that is genuinely the â€Å"carelessness of opinion, and sometimes an indirect boast† (Austen 60). Contemporary psychologists would call Darcy’s conceptualizations of â€Å"pride,† â€Å"humility,† and â€Å"boast† as being driven by functional utility of human behavior. According to this hero, this is inappropriate to put down one’s self-esteem just for the sake of being praised by other group members. Throughout the novel this personage remains the vivid example of a person who shares certain believes common to the central tendency of stereotypicality but reveals energy to display also diversity in his ratings of the self and other people. The complexity and dynamism of social stereotypes is shown through Darcy’s and Elizabeth’s attitudes to each other. Whereas Lizzy’s stereotypes in regard to the man remain sort of frozen for a while under the man’s â€Å"satirical eye† (Austen 30), Darcy is being engaged into the fast proceeding process, in a course of which he changes the initial perception of the young lady. The narrator specifies Darcy’s turn toward re-evaluating Lizzy Bennet as follows: But no sooner had he made it clear to himself and his friends that she hardly had a good feature in her face, than he began to find it was rendered uncommonly intelligent by the beautiful expression of her dark eyes. To this discovery succeeded some others equally mortifying. Though he had detected with a critical eye more than one failure of perfect symmetry in her form, he was forced to acknowledge her figure to be light and pleasing; and in spite of his asserting that her manners were not those of the fashionable world, he was caught by their easy playfulness. Austen 29) In other words, Darcy’s first rejection of the second daughter of Bennets has been caused by the incongruity between Elizabeth’s outlook and his own classical perception of beauty as a reckless symmetry of forms and elements. It is clear that the gentleman has initially been blinded by both his personal and group set of stereotypes that required women to conform to certain standards. Elizabeth does not seem to be classically beautiful, and her gaiety during the first meeting has poked the man away as a manifestation of social inappropriateness.

Wednesday, January 22, 2020

Death In The Woods - Thematic Explication Essay -- essays research pap

Our universe is an ever-turning wheel that maintains a beautiful balance of life. On the spokes of this wheel the existence of all things is assured; life is given, bodies and souls are fed, each position on the wheel is cultivated by the next, and then one day we will pass away, only to start the circle again in another mysterious way. Take a moment to look around you and see the many cycles that exist for the sole purpose of keeping our wheel in motion, and then recognize how little these great givers of life are celebrated, or even noticed. Without a second thought we will all at one time or another dishonor the same things that pay tribute to us. But that, too, is a part of the cycle. It’s not good, nor is it bad. It just is. In his story â€Å"Death in the Woods,† Sherwood Anderson demonstrates mankind’s ability to take for granted the gifts received through our Mother Earth, aptly symbolized by an old woman with no name. He also reveals to his reader the beauty that lies within the ceremonies of life and death that are constantly taking place all around us and within us. The story is broken into 5 different parts, told in first person, and although the narrator is not the main character, he lends significant importance to the symbolism that takes place throughout the tale. In the first part of the story our nameless storyteller introduces his reader to an old woman; one that everyone sees, but nobody knows. Demonstrating society’s lack of concern for such an old woman, the narrator states, â€Å"People drive right down a road and never notice an old woman like that† (23). In this first section he uses the words ‘old woman’ eight times, and yet we know he considers her to be strong, not frail like the people that we usually associate with the condition of being aged. Our first clue of this takes place in the first and second paragraphs where she is diligently working to make a few eggs and hens trade into enough food to feed a farm. This is her job, and she does it without complaint. Somehow, she is able to make the impossible work. In the fifth paragraph he describes himself as â€Å"a young and sick boy with rheumatism† (23), and then in the next sentence depicts her carrying a heavy pack on her back- one that he coul d probably not manage on his own. In that pack on her back she carries the burden of feeding and caring for those that depend on her, and yet she ma... ...r shoulder. She is a young and innocent girl once again, and she is finally given her due respect in death. Unfortunately, when the weight of our burdens finally does our Mother Earth in, we won’t be able to mourn her and put her to rest with ceremony. Our own circle of life is far too dependent on hers. Most likely, the animals on the old woman’s farm will die within days of her passing, since there will no longer be anyone around to fulfill their needs. In the fifth and final part of the story the narrator recounts how the details all come together for him since the time of the old woman’s death. He slowly collects the pieces of information throughout his life in a quest to understand the meaning of it all. For some enlightened people, the search for understanding of our place in the universe is very much like that. We gather together the clues that our Mother leaves us and slowly come to respect the important nature of life and death. We begin to see the rituals, appreciate our roles and recognize the signs of our Mother’s wellness, or illness. The cycle of life and death is dependant on our cooperation, or lack thereof. We decide how much we want to invest into its abundance.

Tuesday, January 14, 2020

The Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation did manage to successfully handle the new west erne lands which were acquired by America after the war. Following the war America gag Ned new lands and the government needed a system to divide and govern these new lands. Many of the larger colonies claimed to own these western lands due to their original charters.B t, in order for the Articles of Confederation to be ratified and to pay off the debt from the war, t he states needed to give up their land to the national government, so that it could be sold in order to pay off the country's debt. The large states did give up their lands to the central govern .NET (Document E). In order to govern these new lands the government needed to make new law s. One of the laws passed was the land ordinance of 1785. This new law divided up the land in the e new western territories into sections which could be sold to individual citizens.The money received from the people who bought this land helped to pay off the debt . The land ordinance al so promoted republican ideals by providing a school for each of the new territories that we re created. Providing a school in each town allowed all people to be educated which pro meted equality. The northwest ordinance of 1 787 was passed to set up government in these n ewe territories. The Northwest Ordinance stated the requirements for any of the new territories t o become a state. In order for one of the new territories to become a state they were required to r each a given population and create their own constitution.The Northwest Ordinance man aged to abolish slavery in the new states as well. Although the Articles of Confederation were e effective when it came to creating new states, they were not very effective at anything else. The Articles of Confederation were highly ineffective when handling commerce e. Under the Articles of Confederation it was difficult for the national government to cool elect taxes from states. When the central government atte mpted to place a tax on Rhode island d, they refused to pay the tax and claimed the national government did not have the right to tax them (Document A).It was reported that the national government was only able to collect one fourth of the taxes they requested from the states. The government only received very few taxes from the states because they could not force the states to pay the taxes, and states obviously did not Want to pay taxes that were not required. Not being able to collect taxes had many negate eve consequences for the government. The government was not able to pay soldiers who fought in t he revolutionary war because they didn't receive enough tax money from the states (Document t C).The government owed money to the soldiers who fought in the revolution but the could not afford to pay them. Financial problems also affected the farmers of Massachusetts. As a response to crop prices decreasing and the amount Of farm foreclosures increasing Daniel Shah yes led Shay's re bellion. Shay's rebellion was when the Massachusetts farmers refused to p ay taxes and resisted foreclosures. After America gained independence they were no longer trade Eng as much with Britain. (Document B) prior to the war Britain had been America's most lucubrate vive trading market.After the war America's population increased but the value of their ex ports to Britain did not. Generally when the population off nation increases the value of their ex ports increases because they are able to produce more and their population gives them more military power. Under the Articles of Confederation collecting taxes and trading became much h more difficult for America. America was not respected by other nations and struggled with foreign affairs under the Articles of Confederation.After the war America gained a large amount of Ian d in the west that Britain had previously restricted from them. However the Americans were not able to access all of their new land due to occupied British fort s in the west (Document D). The Americans wrote a letter to Britain requesting that the forts be vacated but the British refused. The British refused because they didn't think the Americans were strong enough to remove them Because the Articles of Confederation did not have the power to raise an army it was imp Seibel for America to force Britain out of their land.America also wished to gain access to the M sipping river in order to trade more efficiently. Unfortunately Spain controlled the Mississippi river and did not allow the Americans to use the river at all. America requested that Spain grant t them access to he river but they refused because they did not believe America was strong en ugh to resist (Document F). Due to the weakness of the Articles of Confederation Spain did not respect America enough to give them access to the river.America was unable to effect Tivoli deal with foreign affairs because their government was not respected other countries. The Articles of Confeder ation were unable to control the common people who o W ere given too much power. After the war America struggled to keep both wealthy elites and the common people loyal to the government. John Jay believed that the wealthy c redirectors of the action world begin to lose faith in the new government (document G). A cried tort is someone who lends money to someone else in order to be bayed back in full with inter est..A debtor is someone who owes money to others. In this situation the creditors are the w lately elites who helped find the war, and the debtor is the US government, who cannot afford to pay back the creditors in full. America cannot pay back its creditors because the Articles of Confederation were unable to collect enough taxes. The wealthy creditors began to lose faith in the government because they did not believe they would ever be bayed back. Losing support f the wealthy was devastating for America because they were needed to fund the nation.One A intermediaries claime d that the Articles of Confederation should be refused or fixed rather t Han replaced. An analogy was used which said if a building has a problem people do not tear d own the whole building, they fix the building (document H). He argued that the Articles of C infiltration had very few flaws and they could be fixed easily. However this was not the case. The Articles of Confederation had many small problems which weakened its effectiveness. T here was also one assistant problem which was the over Reliance on civic virtue.The Articles of Confederation c could only be effective if the states and the people demonstrated civic virtue and paired their optional taxes. However human are naturally not virtuous, but more interest De in their own self interests. For this reason the Articles Of Confederation were ineffective at con trolling the people. The Articles of Confederation were unable to control the people because of the e over reliance on civic virtue and the creditors loss of faith in the government. The Articles of Confederation were a highly ineffective first attempt at go verging the new United States.